wiki:GcnMemHandling

Version 12 (modified by trac, 8 years ago) (diff)

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GCN Memory instructions features and functionality

Buffer resource format

Bits Name Description
0-47 BASE Base address
48-61 STRIDE Stride in bytes. Size of records
62 Cache swizzle Buffer access. Optionally, swizzle texture cache TC L1 cache banks
63 Swizzle enable If set, enable swizzle addressing mode
64-95 NUMRECORDS Number of records (size of the buffer)
96-98 DST_SEL_X Select destination component for X
99-101 DST_SEL_Y Select destination component for Y
102-104 DST_SEL_Z Select destination component for Z
105-107 DST_SEL_W Select destination component for W
108-110 NUMFORMAT Number format
111-114 DATAFORMAT Data format
115-116 ELEMSIZE Element size (used only by swizzle mode)
117-118 INDEXSTRIDE Index stride (used only by swizzle mode)
119 TID_ENABLE Add thread id to index
121 Hash enable Enable address hashing
122 HEAP Buffer is heap
126-127 TYPE Resource type. 0 - for buffer

MUBUF/MTBUF format conversion

The instruction or the buffer resource can supply data format in which stored (or will be stored) data. The data format determines format of the pixel (number of components, size of components), the number format determines format of the component.

Below is table with available data formats:

Code Name Description
0 -- Invalid
1 8 Single 8-bit component
2 16 Single 16-bit component
3 8_8 Two 8-bit components
4 32 Single 32-bit component
5 16_16 Two 16-bit component
6 10_11_11 Two 11-bit and one 10-bit components from lowest bit
7 11_11_10 One 10-bit and two 11-bit components from lowest bit
8 10_10_10_2 One 2-bit and three 10-bit components from lowest bit
9 2_10_10_10 Three 10-bit and one 2-bit components from lowest bit
10 8_8_8_8 Four 8-bit components
11 32_32 Two 32-bit components
12 16_16_16_16 Four 16-bit components
13 32_32_32 Three 32-bit components
14 32_32_32_32 Four 32-bit components
15 -- Reserved

The buffer data format name can be preceded by 'BUF_DATA_FORMAT_' as 'BUF_DATA_FORMAT_8_8'. A data format name is case-insensitive.

The data format 10_11_11 and 11_11_10 seemingly doesn't work correctly on the GCN 1.0 (???)

Below is table with available number formats. The 'BufR' column indicates whether a number format is applicable to read operation, the 'BufW' column indicates whether a number format is applicable to write operation. The 'Reg type' indicates type of vector register (input for writing, output for reading).

Code Name BufR BufW Reg type Description
0 UNORM FLOAT Unsigned normalized value (0:1)
1 SNORM FLOAT Signed normalized value (-1:1) (data: MIN+1:MAX)
2 USCALED FLOAT Unsigned scaled value
3 SSCALED FLOAT Signed scaled value
4 UINT UINT32 Unsigned integer value
5 SINT INT32 Signed integer value
6 SNORM_OGL FLOAT Signed normalized value (-1:1) (data: MIN:MAX)
7 FLOAT FLOAT Single floating point value

The buffer number format name can be preceded by 'BUF_NUM_FORMAT_' as 'BUF_NUM_FORMAT_UNORM'. A number format name is case-insensitive. The FLOAT number float is applicable to 32, 32_32, 32_32_32 or 32_32_32_32 data format. The conversion from integer to floating point value while writing to buffer is doing with rounding to nearest even.

The fields DST_SEL_X, DST_SEL_Y, DST_SEL_Z and DST_SEL_W choose how the source component will be stored into the destination component. DST_SEL_X choose for the first component, DST_SEL_Y for second, DST_SEL_Z for third, DST_SEL_W for fourth. Following values are permitted:

Code Name Description
0 0 Zero value
1 1 One value
4 R First source component
5 G Second source component
6 B Third source component
7 A Fourth source component

The rules for data conversion for particular instruction types:

Instruction Data format Num format DST_SEL_*
TBUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_* instruction instruction identity
TBUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_* instruction instruction identity
BUFFER_LOAD_ derived derived identity
BUFFER_STORE_ derived derived identity
BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_* resource resource resource
BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_* resource resource resource
BUFFER_ATOMIC_* derived derived identity
  • instruction - thing determined from instruction's fields instead of the buffer resource
  • derived - data format derived from opcode and ignores resource definition
  • identity - choose this same source component for destination component
  • resource - thing determined from buffer resource

Buffer addressing

The address depends on couple factors which are from instruction and the buffer resource. The buffer is organized in simple structure that contains records. Buffer address starts from the base offset given in buffer resource. The index indicates number of the record, and the offset indicates position in record. Expression that describes address:

BUFOFFSET = (UINT32)(AINDEX*STRIDE) + AOFFSET

Optionally, buffer can be addressed in the swizzle mode that is very effective manner to addressing the scratch buffers that holds spilled registers. Expression that describes swizzle mode addressing:

AINDEX_MSB = AINDEX / INDEXSTRIDE AINDEX_LSB = AINDEX % INDEXSTRIDE AOFFSET_MSB = AOFFSET / ELEMSIZE AOFFSET_LSB = AOFFSET % ELEMSIZE BUFOFFSET = AOFFSET_LSB + ELEMSIZE*AINDEX_LSB + INDEXSTRIDE * (AINDEX_MSB*STRIDE + \ AOFFSET_MSB * ELEMSIZE)

The expression to calculate element size (ELEMSIZE) from ELEMSIZE field of a buffer resource is: 2<<ELEMSIZE. The expression to calculate index stride (INDEXSTRIDE) from INDEXSTRIDE field of buffer resource is: 8<<INDEXSTRIDE.

The 64-bit addressing can be enabled by set ADDR64 flag in instruction. In this case, two VADDR registers contains an address. Expression to calculate address in this case:

ADDRESS = BASE + VGPR_ADDRESS + OFFSET + SGPR_OFFSET // 64-bit addressing

No range checking for 64-bit mode addressing.

The base address are calculated as sum of BASE and SGPR offset. The instruction format supply OFFEN and IDXEN that includes index from VPGR registers. These flags are permitted only if 64-bit addressing is not enabled. Table describes combination of these flags:

IDXEN OFFEN Indexreg Offset reg
0 0 N/A N/A
1 0 VGPR[V] N/A
0 1 N/A VGPR[V]
1 1 VGPR[V] VGPR[V+1]

Expressions that describes offsets and indices:

UINT32 AOFFSET = OFFSET + (OFFEN ? VGPR_OFFSET : 0) UINT32 AINDEX = (IDXEN ? VGPR_INDEX : 0) + (TID_ENABLE ? LANEID : 0)

The hardware checks range for buffer resources with STRIDE=0 in following way: if BUFOFFSET >= NUMRECORDS-SGPR_OFFSET then an address is out of range. For STRIDE!=0 if AINDEX >= NUMRECORDS or OFFSET >= STRIDE when IDXEN or TID_ENABLE is set, then an address is out of range. Reads are zero and writes are ignored for an addresses out of range.

For 32-bit and wider operations, an address are aligned to 4 bytes. For 16-bit operations, an address are aligned to 2 bytes.

The coalescing works for STRIDE==0 on offset (hardware looks at offset), otherwise it works if stride<=1 or swizzle mode enabled and all offsets are equal and ELEMSIZE have same value as size of element that can be operated by instruction. Then hardware coalesce across any set of contiguous indices for raw buffers. For swizzled buffers, it cannot coalesce across INDEXSTRIDE boundaries.

Reading data to LDS directly is working for BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE, BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE, BUFFER_LOAD_SSHORT, BUFFER_LOAD_USHORT, BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD and BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_X instructions. If element size is smaller than 4-byte, then stored 4-byte value will be zero-extended. Mixing TFE and LDS flags together is illegal. LDS address are calculated from that expression:

LDS_ADDR = LDS_BASE + (M0&0xffff) + LANEID*4

  • LDS_BASE - base address of LDS for wave.
  • M0 - M0 register value

Image resource format

The image resource can be a 128-bit (for 2D images, 1D images, 2DMSAA images) or 256 (for 3D images, 2D array of images, 2D cubes and other types).

Bits Name Description
0-39 BASE Base address divided by 256
40-51 MIN_LOD Min LOD in format 4.8
52-57 DATAFORMAT Data format
58-61 NUMBERFORMAT Number format
64-77 WIDTH Image width minus one
78-91 HEIGHT Image height minus one
92-94 PERFMOD Scales sampler's perf_z, perf_mip, aniso_bias, lod_bias_sec.
95 INTERLACED Interlaced image (if set)
96-98 DST_SEL_X Select destination component for X
99-101 DST_SEL_Y Select destination component for Y
102-104 DST_SEL_Z Select destination component for Z
105-107 DST_SEL_W Select destination component for W
108-111 BASELEVEL Base level of MIPMAP
112-115 LASTLAVEL Last level of MIPMAP
116-120 TILINGINDEX Tiling index. Choose Tiling register
121 POW2PAD Align images to power of 2
124-127 TYPE Image type
128-140 DEPTH Image depth minus one
141-154 PITCH Pitch minus one. Pitch is number of texel in single row.
160-172 BASEARRAY First index of slice in array
173-185 LASTARRAY Last index of slice in array
192-203 MINLODWARN feedback trigger for LOD

The 1D images requires only width parameter. The 2D images requires only width and height parameters. Pitch is optional. The array of 1D images requires width, depth (for number of slices), base and last array (BASEARRAY and LASTARRAY) indices for slices. The array of 2D images requires width, height, depth (for number of slices), base and last array (BASEARRAY and LASTARRAY) indices for slices. The 3D array images requires width, height and depth. The 2D cubes requires width, height and base and last array indices of slices. The mipmaps are defined by setting base and last level (BASE_LEVEL and LAST_LEVEL).

The image types list.

Value Name Description
0 BUFFER Buffer (???)
8 IMAGE_1D 1D image
9 IMAGE_2D 2D image
10 IMAGE_3D 3D image
11 IMAGE_CUBE Six 2D images for cube's sides
12 IMAGE_1D_ARRAY Array of 1D images
13 IMAGE_2D_ARRAY Array of 2D images
14 IMAGE_2D_MSAA MSAA 2D image
15 IMAGE_2D_MSAA_ARRAY Array of MSAA 2D image

Data formats list. The 'ImgR' column indicates whether a number format is applicable to read operation, the 'ImgW' column indicates whether a number format is applicable to write operation. The 'Reg type' indicates type of vector register (input for writing, output for reading).

Code Name ImgR ImgW Description
0 -- Invalid
1 8 Single 8-bit component
2 16 Single 16-bit component
3 8_8 Two 8-bit components
4 32 Single 32-bit component
5 16_16 Two 16-bit component
6 10_11_11 Two 11-bit and one 10-bit components from lowest bit
7 11_11_10 One 10-bit and two 11-bit components from lowest bit
8 10_10_10_2 One 2-bit and three 10-bit components from lowest bit
9 2_10_10_10 Three 10-bit and one 2-bit components from lowest bit
10 8_8_8_8 Four 8-bit components
11 32_32 Two 32-bit components
12 16_16_16_16 Four 16-bit components
13 32_32_32 Three 32-bit components
14 32_32_32_32 Four 32-bit components
15 -- Reserved
16 5_6_5 5-bit, 6-bit, 5-bit components
17 1_5_5_5 Three 5-bit and one 1-bit components from lowest bit
18 5_5_5_1 One 1-bit and three 5-bit components from lowest bit
19 4_4_4_4 Four 4-bit components
20 8_24 24-bit and 8-bit components from lowest bit
21 24_8 8-bit and 24-bit components from lowest bit
22 X24_8_32 ????
32 GB_GR Four 8-bit components in order (0,1,2,0)
33 BG_RG Four 8-bit components in order (1,0,3,1)
34 5_9_9_9 Three 9-bit and one 5-bit components from lowest bit
35 BC1 ????
36 BC2 ????
37 BC3 ????
38 BC4 ????
39 BC5 ????
40 BC6 ????
41 BC7 ????
47 FMASK_8_1 8-bit FMASK, 1 fragment per sample
48 FMASK_8_2 8-bit FMASK, 2 fragments per sample
49 FMASK_8_4 8-bit FMASK, 4 fragments per sample
50 FMASK_16_1 16-bit FMASK, 1 fragment per sample
51 FMASK_16_2 16-bit FMASK, 2 fragments per sample
52 FMASK_32_2 32-bit FMASK, 2 fragments per sample
53 FMASK_32_4 32-bit FMASK, 4 fragments per sample
54 FMASK_32_8 32-bit FMASK, 8 fragments per sample
55 FMASK_64_4 64-bit FMASK, 4 fragments per sample
56 FMASK_64_8 64-bit FMASK, 8 fragments per sample
57 4_4 Two 4-bit components
58 6_5_5 Two 5-bit and one 6-bit components from lowest bit
59 1 1-bit component (size: 1-bit)
60 1_REVERSED Reversed 1-bit component (size: 1-bit)
61 32_AS_8 ???
62 32_AS_8_8 ???
63 32_AS_32_32_32_32 ???

Number formats list:

Code Name ImgR ImgW Reg type Description
0 UNORM FLOAT Unsigned normalized value (0:1)
1 SNORM FLOAT Signed normalized value (-1:1) (data: MIN+1:MAX)
2 USCALED FLOAT Unsigned scaled value
3 SSCALED FLOAT Signed scaled value
4 UINT UINT32 Unsigned integer value
5 SINT INT32 Signed integer value
6 SNORM_OGL FLOAT Signed normalized value (-1:1) (data: MIN:MAX)
7 FLOAT FLOAT Single floating point value
8 reserved -- --
9 SRGB FLOAT Like UNORM (???)
10 UBNORM FLOAT Signed normalized value (-1:1) (data: 1:UMAX)
11 UBNORM_OGL FLOAT Signed normalized value (-1:1) (data: 0:UMAX)
12 UBINT FLOAT Like UBNORM (???)
13 UBSCALED FLOAT Signed scaled value (data: 0:UMAX)

Sampler resource format

Bits Name Description
0-2 CLAMP_X Clamp mode for X dimension
3-5 CLAMP_Y Clamp mode for Y dimension
6-8 CLAMP_Z Clamp mode for Z dimension
12-14 DEPTH_CMP_FUNC Depth compare function (???)
15 FORCE_UNNORM Force unnormalized coordinates
19 MC_COORD_TRUNC Truncate coordinates to half of pixel
20 FORCE_DEGAMMA Revert GAMMA on pixels
27 TRUNC_COORD Truncate coordinates (???)
28 DISABLE_CUBE_WRAP Disable cube wrap (???)
29-30 FILTER_MODE Filter mode ???
32-43 MIN_LOD Minimum LOD in format 4.8
44-55 MAX_LOD Maximum LOD in format 4.8
56-59 PERF_MIP Perf mip (???)
60-63 PERF_Z Perf z (???)
64-77 LOD_BIAS Lod bias (???) in format 5.8 with sign
78-83 LOD_BIAS_SEC Lod bias secondary in 1.4 with sign
84-85 XY_MAG_FILTER XY magnification filter
86-87 XY_MIN_FILTER XY minification filter
88-89 Z_FILTER Depth filter
90-91 MIP_FILTER Mip-level filter
92 MIP_POINT_PRECLAMP ???
93 DISABLE_LSB_CEIL ???
94 FILTER_PREC_FIX ???
96-107 BORDER_COLOR_PTR Pointer to border color
126-127 BORDER_COLOR_TYPE Type of border color

The CLAMP mode list:

Code Name Description
0 TEX_WRAP
1 TEX_MIRROR
2 TEX_CLAMP_LAST_TEXEL
3 TEX_MIRROR_ONCE_LAST_TEXEL
4 TEX_CLAMP_HALF_BORDER
5 TEX_MIRROR_ONCE_HALF_BORDER
6 TEX_CLAMP_BORDER
7 TEX_MIRROR_ONCE_BORDER

Depth compare functions list:

Code Name Description
0 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_NEVER Always 0
1 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_LESS 1 if incoming Z < fetched data
2 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_EQUAL 1 if incoming Z == fetched data
3 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_LESSEQUAL 1 if incoming Z <= fetched data
4 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_GREATER 1 if incoming Z > fetched data
5 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_NOTEQUAL 1 if incoming Z != fetched data
6 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_GREATEREQUAL 1 if incoming Z >= fetched data
7 TEX_DEPTH_COMPARE_ALWAYS Always 1

The magnification and minification filters list:

Code Name Description
0 TEX_XY_FILTER_POINT Point filter
1 TEX_XY_FILTER_BILINEAR Linear filter

The depth and mip filters list:

Code Name Description
0 TEX_Z_FILTER_NONE None filter
1 TEX_Z_FILTER_POINT Point filter
2 TEX_Z_FILTER_LINEAR Linear filter

The border color types list:

Code Name Description
0 TEX_BORDER_COLOR_TRANS_BLACK Black color fully transparent (0,0,0,0)
1 TEX_BORDER_COLOR_OPAQUE_BLACK Black color fully opaque (0,0,0,1)
2 TEX_BORDER_COLOR_OPAQUE_WHITE White color fully opaque (1,1,1,1)
3 TEX_BORDER_COLOR_REGISTER Get border color from register (BORDER_COLOR_PTR)

Image addressing

The main addressing rules for the images are defined by the tiling registers. The TILINGINDEX choose what register control addressing of image. Index 8 (by default) choose the linear access. In the most cases images are splitted into the tiles which organizes image's data in efficient manner for GPU memory subsystem. Unfortunatelly, the fields of a tiling registers and their meanigful are not known (for me).

The address of image's pixel is stored in VADDR registers. Number of used registers and data type depends on the instruction type and image type. Following table describes what component's of address are stored in VADDR registers for what image types.

Image type Component 0 Component 1 Component 2
1D X -- --
1D array X slice (UINT) --
2D X Y --
2D interlaced X Y field
2D array X Y slice (UINT)
3D X Y Z
2D Cube X Y face id (FLOAT)

The X, Y and Z coordinate's type depends on instruction type. The IMAGE_SAMPLE_* and IMAGE_GATHER4_* accepts floating point values at place of these components. Other instructions accepts unsigned integer values for X, Y and Z components.

The layout of the address is in form:

{ offset } { bias } { z-compare } { derivative } { body } { clamp } { lod }

The body is image address components (X, Y, Z). Other components are used for:

  • offset - for IMAGE__O instructions. One dword contains three 6-bit signed offsets for each coordinate (X ,Y, Z) in 0-5 bits (X), 8-13 bits (Y) and 16-21 bits (Z).
  • bias - for IMAGE__B instructions. One single floating point value.
  • z-compare - for IMAGE__C instructions. One single floating point value. Working only with floating point images.
  • derivatives - for IMAGE__D instructions. User supplied derivatives that will be used to calculate LOD. The layout of the derivatives:
Image dimensions Comp. 0 Comp. 1 Comp. 2 Comp. 3 Comp. 4 Comp. 5
1 DX/DH DX/DV -- -- -- --
2 DX/DH DY/DH DX/DV DY/DV -- --
3 DX/DH DY/DH DZ/DH DX/DV DY/DV DZ/DV
  • clamp - for IMAGE_*_CL - clamp
  • lod - for IMAGE_*_L - LOD

The LOD (Level of details) parameter choose MIPMAP: just a LOD reflects mipmap index. By default, LOD are calculated as maximum value of image's MIN_LOD and sampler's MIN_LOD. The linear MIP filtering get value from two nearest mipmaps to choosen LOD.

About accuracy: Threshold of coordinates for image's sampling are 1/256 of distance between pixels.

The sampling of the mipmaps requires normalized coordinates.

Flat addressing

By default, FLAT instructions read or write values from main memory. Special register FLAT scratch defines size and offset of scratch buffer to access scratch space for current wave. Bit fields:

Bits Description
0-23 Scratch offset without first 8 bits
32-50 Scratch size in bytes.

The base addresses to access scratch and LDS must be given by driver to some user place.