wiki:GcnTimings

Version 24 (modified by trac, 7 years ago) (diff)

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GCN ISA Instruction Timings

Preliminary explanations

Almost all instructions (scalar and vector) are executed within 4 cycles. Hence, to achieve maximum performance, 4 wavefronts should be executed per compute unit.

NOTE: a simple single dword (4-byte) instruction is executed in 4 cycles (thanks to fast dispatching from cache). However, a 2 dword (8-byte) instruction may require 4 extra cycles for execution due to bigger size in memory and limits of instruction dispatching. To achieve best performance, we recommend to use single dword instructions.

A DPFACTOR term is present in some tables; it indicates that the number of cycles depends on the model of the GPU as follows:

DPFACTOR DP speed GPU subfamily
1 1/2 professional Hawaii
2 1/4 Highend Tahiti: Radeon HD7970
4 1/8 Highend Hawaii: R9 290
8 1/16 Other GPU's

Occupancy table

Waves SGPRs VGPRs LdsW/I Issue
1 128 256 64 1
2 128 128 32 2
3 128 84 21 3
4 128 64 16 4
5 96 48 12 5
6 80 40 10 5
7 72 36 9 5
8 64 32 8 5
9 56 28 7 5
10 48 24 6 5

Waves - number of concurrent waves that can be computed by a single SIMD unit SGPRs - number of maximum SGPRs that can be allocated at that occupancy VPGRs - number of maximum VGPRs that can be allocated at that occupancy LdsW/I - maximum amount of LDS space per vector lane per wavefront in dwords Issue - maximum number of instructions per clock

Each compute unit is partitioned into four SIMD units. So, the maximum number of waves per compute unit is 40.

Instruction alignment

Aligmnent Rules for 2-dword instructions (GCN 1.0/1.1):

  • any penalty costs 4 cycles
  • program divided by in 32-byte blocks
  • only the first 3 dwords in the 32-byte block incur no penalty. Any 2-dword instruction outside these first 3 dwords adds a single penalty.
  • if the instructions is longer (more than four cycles) then the last cycles/4 dwords are free
  • if 16 or more cycle 2-dword instruction and 2-dword instruction in 4 dword, then there is no penalty for the second 2-dword instruction.
  • best place to jump is the 5 first dwords in the 32-byte block. Jump to rest of the dwords causes 1-3 penalties, depending on number of dwords (N-4, where N is the dword number). This rule does not apply to backward jumps (???)
  • any conditional jump instruction should be in first half of the 32-byte block, otherwise 1-4 penalties are added if jump is not taken, depending on dword number (N-3, where N is dword number).

IMPORTANT: If the occupancy is greater than 1 wave per compute unit, then the penalties, branches, and scalar instructions will be masked while executing more waves than 4*CUs. For best results is recommended to execute many waves (multiple of 4*CUs) with occupancy greater than 1.

The GCN 1.2 always execute instruction with full speed if these are in instruction cache. GCN 1.2 can fetch double dword instructions in full speed.

Instruction scheduling

  • if many wavefronts are executed in a single CU (if many wavefronts) then scalar, vector and data-share, memory (???) execution units can run independently in parallel, achieving many instructions per cycles.
  • between any integer V_ADD*, V_SUB*, V_FIRSTREADLINE_B32, V_READLANE_B32 operations and any scalar ALU instructions there is 16-cycle delay. Masked if there are more waves than 4*CUs.
  • any conditional jump that directly checks VCCZ or EXECZ after an instruction that changes VCC or EXEC adds a single penalty (4 cycles). Masked if there are more waves than 4*CUs.
  • any conditional jump that directly checks SCC after an instruction that changes SCC, EXEC, VCC adds a single penalty (4 cycles). Masked if there are more waves than 4*CUs.

SOP2 Instruction timings

All SOP2 instructions (S_CBRANCH_G_FORK not checked) take 4 cycles.

SOPK Instruction timings

All SOPK instructions (S_CBRANCH_I_FORK not checked) take 4 cycles. S_SETREG_B32 and S_SETREG_IMM32_B32 take 8 cycles.

SOP1 Instruction timings

The S_*_SAVEEXEC_B64 instructions take 8 cycles. Other ALU instructions (except S_MOV_REGRD_B32, S_CBRANCH_JOIN, S_RFE_B64) take 4 cycles.

SOPC Instruction timings

All comparison and bit checking instructions take 4 cycles.

SOPP Instruction timings

Jumps cost 4 cycle (no jump) or 20 cycles (???) if jump is performed.

SMRD Instruction timings

Timings of SMRD instructions includes only time to fetch and execute instruction without loading data from memory. Timings of SMRD instructions are in this table:

Instruction Cycles Instruction Cycles
S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD 4 S_LOAD_DWORD 4
S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX2 4 S_LOAD_DWORDX2 4
S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX4 4 S_LOAD_DWORDX4 4
S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX8 8 S_LOAD_DWORDX8 8
S_BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX16 16-24 S_LOAD_DWORDX16 16-24
S_DCACHE_INV 4 S_MEMTIME 4
S_DCACHE_INV_VOL 4

VOP2 Instruction timings

All VOP2 instructions take 4 cycles. All instruction can achieve throughput 1 instruction per cycle.

VOP1 Instruction timings

Maximum throughput of these instructions can be calculated by using the expression (1/(CYCLES/4)) - for 4 cycles it is 1 instruction per cycle, for 8 cycles it is 1/2 instruction per cycle, etc. Timings of VOP1 instructions are in this table:

Instruction Cycles Instruction Cycles
V_BFREV_B32 4 V_FREXP_EXP_I16_F16 4
V_CEIL_F16 4 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F32 4
V_CEIL_F32 4 V_FREXP_EXP_I32_F64 DPFACTOR*4
V_CEIL_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_FREXP_MANT_F16 4
V_CLREXCP 4 V_FREXP_MANT_F32 4
V_COS_F16 16 V_FREXP_MANT_F64 DPFACTOR*4
V_COS_F32 16 V_LOG_CLAMP_F32 16
V_CVT_F16_F32 4 V_LOG_F16 16
V_CVT_F16_I16 4 V_LOG_F32 16
V_CVT_F16_U16 4 V_LOG_LEGACY_F32 16
V_CVT_F32_F16 4 V_MOVRELD_B32 4
V_CVT_F32_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MOVRELSD_B32 4
V_CVT_F32_I32 4 V_MOVRELS_B32 4
V_CVT_F32_U32 4 V_MOV_B32 4
V_CVT_F32_UBYTE0 4 V_MOV_FED_B32 4
V_CVT_F32_UBYTE1 4 V_NOP 4
V_CVT_F32_UBYTE2 4 V_NOT_B32 4
V_CVT_F32_UBYTE3 4 V_RCP_CLAMP_F32 16
V_CVT_F64_F32 DPFACTOR*4 V_RCP_CLAMP_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_CVT_F64_I32 DPFACTOR*4 V_RCP_F16 16
V_CVT_F64_U32 DPFACTOR*4 V_RCP_F32 16
V_CVT_FLR_I32_F32 4 V_RCP_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_CVT_I16_F16 4 V_RCP_IFLAG_F32 16
V_CVT_I32_F32 4 V_RCP_LEGACY_F32 16
V_CVT_I32_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_READFIRSTLANE_B32 4
V_CVT_OFF_F32_I4 4 V_RNDNE_F16 4
V_CVT_RPI_I32_F32 4 V_RNDNE_F32 4
V_CVT_U16_F16 4 V_RNDNE_F64 DPFACTOR*4
V_CVT_U32_F32 4 V_RSQ_CLAMP_F32 16
V_CVT_U32_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_RSQ_CLAMP_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_EXP_F16 16 V_RSQ_F16 16
V_EXP_F32 16 V_RSQ_F32 16
V_EXP_LEGACY_F32 16 V_RSQ_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_FFBH_I32 4 V_RSQ_LEGACY_F32 16
V_FFBH_U32 4 V_SIN_F16 16
V_FFBL_B32 4 V_SIN_F32 16
V_FLOOR_F16 4 V_SQRT_F16 16
V_FLOOR_F32 4 V_SQRT_F32 16
V_FLOOR_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_SQRT_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_FRACT_F16 4 V_TRUNC_F16 4
V_FRACT_F32 4 V_TRUNC_F32 4
V_FRACT_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_TRUNC_F64 DPFACTOR*4

VOPC Instruction timings

Maximum throughput of these instructions can be calculated by using expression (1/(CYCLES/4)) - for 4 cycles it is 1 instruction per cycle, for 8 cycles it is 1/2 instruction per cycle, etc. All 16-bit and 32-bit comparison instructions take 4 cycles. All 64-bit comparison instructions take DPFACTOR*4 cycles.

VOP3 Instruction timings

Maximum throughput of these instructions can be calculated by using expression (1/(CYCLES/4)) - for 4 cycles it is 1 instruction per cycle, for 8 cycles it is 1/2 instruction per cycle and etc.

Timings of VOP3 instructions are in this table:

Instruction Cycles Instruction Cycles
V_ADD_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MAD_LEGACY_F32 4
V_ALIGNBIT_B32 4 V_MAD_U16 4
V_ALIGNBYTE_B32 4 V_MAD_U32_U24 4
V_ASHR_I64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MAD_U64_U32 16
V_ASHRREV_I64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MAX3_F32 4
V_BFE_I32 4 V_MAX3_I32 4
V_BFE_U32 4 V_MAX3_U32 4
V_BFI_B32 4 V_MAX_F64 DPFACTOR*4
V_CUBEID_F32 4 V_MED3_F32 4
V_CUBEMA_F32 4 V_MED3_I32 4
V_CUBESC_F32 4 V_MED3_U32 4
V_CUBETC_F32 4 V_MIN3_F32 4
V_CVT_PK_U8_F32 4 V_MIN3_I32 4
V_DIV_FIXUP_F32 16 V_MIN3_U32 4
V_DIV_FIXUP_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MIN_F64 DPFACTOR*4
V_DIV_FMAS_F32 16 V_MQSAD_PK_U16_U8 16
V_DIV_FMAS_F64 DPFACTOR*8 V_MQSAD_U32_U8 16
V_DIV_SCALE_F32 16 V_MQSAD_U8 16
V_DIV_SCALE_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MSAD_U8 4
V_MAD_F16 4 V_MULLIT_F32 4
V_FMA_F32 4 or 16 (1) V_MUL_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_FMA_F64 DPFACTOR*8 V_MUL_HI_I32 16
V_LDEXP_F64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MUL_HI_U32 16
V_LERP_U8 4 V_MUL_LO_I32 16
V_LSHL_B64 DPFACTOR*4 V_MUL_LO_U32 16
V_LSHLREV_B64 DPFACTOR*4 V_QSAD_PK_U16_U8 16
V_LSHR_B64 DPFACTOR*4 V_QSAD_U8 16
V_LSHRREV_B64 DPFACTOR*4 V_SAD_HI_U8 4
V_MAD_F16 4 V_SAD_U16 4
V_MAD_F32 4 V_SAD_U32 4
V_MAD_I16 4 V_SAD_U8 4
V_MAD_I32_I24 4 V_TRIG_PREOP_F64 DPFACTOR*8
V_MAD_I64_I32 16

(1) - for device with DP speed 1/2, 1/4 or 1/8 is 4 cycles, for other devices is 16 cycles

DS Instruction timings

Timings of DS instructions includes only execution without waiting for completing LDS/GDS memory access on a single wavefront. Throughput indicates maximal possible throughput that excludes any other delays and penalties. Timings of DS instructions are in this table:

Instruction Cycles Throughput
DS_ADD_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_ADD_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_ADD_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_ADD_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_ADD_U32 8 1/4
DS_ADD_U64 12 1/6
DS_AND_B32 8 1/4
DS_AND_B64 12 1/6
DS_AND_RTN_B32 8 1/4
DS_AND_RTN_B64 12 1/6
DS_AND_SRC2_B32 4 1/4
DS_AND_SRC2_B64 8 1/8
DS_APPEND 4 ?
DS_CMPST_B32 12 1/6
DS_CMPST_B64 20 1/10
DS_CMPST_F32 12 1/6
DS_CMPST_F64 20 1/10
DS_CMPST_RTN_B32 12 1/6
DS_CMPST_RTN_B64 20 1/10
DS_CMPST_RTN_F32 12 1/6
DS_CMPST_RTN_F64 20 1/10
DS_CONDXCHG32_RTN_B128 ? ?
DS_CONDXCHG32_RTN_B64 ? ?
DS_CONSUME 4 ?
DS_DEC_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_DEC_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_DEC_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_DEC_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_DEC_U32 8 1/4
DS_DEC_U64 12 1/6
DS_GWS_BARRIER ? ?
DS_GWS_INIT ? ?
DS_GWS_SEMA_BR ? ?
DS_GWS_SEMA_P ? ?
DS_GWS_SEMA_RELEASE_ALL ? ?
DS_GWS_SEMA_V ? ?
DS_INC_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_INC_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_INC_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_INC_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_INC_U32 8 1/4
DS_INC_U64 12 1/6
DS_MAX_F32 8 1/4
DS_MAX_F64 12 1/6
DS_MAX_I32 8 1/4
DS_MAX_I64 12 1/6
DS_MAX_RTN_F32 8 1/4
DS_MAX_RTN_F64 12 1/6
DS_MAX_RTN_I32 8 1/4
DS_MAX_RTN_I64 12 1/6
DS_MAX_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_MAX_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_MAX_SRC2_F32 4 1/4
DS_MAX_SRC2_F64 8 1/8
DS_MAX_SRC2_I32 4 1/4
DS_MAX_SRC2_I64 8 1/8
DS_MAX_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_MAX_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_MAX_U32 8 1/4
DS_MAX_U64 12 1/6
DS_MIN_F32 8 1/4
DS_MIN_F64 12 1/6
DS_MIN_I32 8 1/4
DS_MIN_I64 12 1/6
DS_MIN_RTN_F32 8 1/4
DS_MIN_RTN_F64 12 1/6
DS_MIN_RTN_I32 8 1/4
DS_MIN_RTN_I64 12 1/6
DS_MIN_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_MIN_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_MIN_SRC2_F32 4 1/4
DS_MIN_SRC2_F64 8 1/8
DS_MIN_SRC2_I32 4 1/4
DS_MIN_SRC2_I64 8 1/8
DS_MIN_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_MIN_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_MIN_U32 8 1/4
DS_MIN_U64 12 1/6
DS_MSKOR_B32 12 1/6
DS_MSKOR_B64 20 1/10
DS_MSKOR_RTN_B32 12 1/6
DS_MSKOR_RTN_B64 20 1/10
DS_NOP 4 ?
DS_ORDERED_COUNT (???) ? ?
DS_OR_B32 8 1/4
DS_OR_B64 12 1/6
DS_OR_RTN_B32 8 1/4
DS_OR_RTN_B64 12 1/6
DS_OR_SRC2_B32 4 1/4
DS_OR_SRC2_B64 8 1/8
DS_READ2ST64_B32 8 1/4
DS_READ2ST64_B64 16 1/8
DS_READ2_B32 8 1/4
DS_READ2_B64 16 1/8
DS_READ_B128 16 1/8
DS_READ_B32 4 1/2
DS_READ_B64 8 1/4
DS_READ_B96 16 1/8
DS_READ_I16 4 1/2
DS_READ_I8 4 1/2
DS_READ_U16 4 1/2
DS_READ_U8 4 1/2
DS_RSUB_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_RSUB_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_RSUB_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_RSUB_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_RSUB_U32 8 1/4
DS_RSUB_U64 12 1/6
DS_SUB_RTN_U32 8 1/4
DS_SUB_RTN_U64 12 1/6
DS_SUB_SRC2_U32 4 1/4
DS_SUB_SRC2_U64 8 1/8
DS_SUB_U32 8 1/4
DS_SUB_U64 12 1/6
DS_SWIZZLE_B32 4 1/2
DS_WRAP_RTN_B32 ? ?
DS_WRITE2ST64_B32 12 1/6
DS_WRITE2ST64_B64 20 1/10
DS_WRITE2_B32 12 1/6
DS_WRITE2_B64 20 1/10
DS_WRITE_B128 20 1/10
DS_WRITE_B16 8 1/4
DS_WRITE_B32 8 1/4
DS_WRITE_B64 12 1/8
DS_WRITE_B8 8 1/4
DS_WRITE_B96 16 1/10
DS_WRITE_SRC2_B32 12 1/4
DS_WRITE_SRC2_B64 20 1/8
DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_B32 12 1/6
DS_WRXCHG2ST64_RTN_B64 20 1/12
DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_B32 12 1/6
DS_WRXCHG2_RTN_B64 20 1/12
DS_WRXCHG_RTN_B32 8 1/4
DS_WRXCHG_RTN_B64 12 1/6
DS_XOR_B32 8 1/4
DS_XOR_B64 12 1/6
DS_XOR_RTN_B32 8 1/4
DS_XOR_RTN_B64 12 1/6
DS_XOR_SRC2_B32 4 1/4
DS_XOR_SRC2_B64 8 1/8

About bank conflicts: The LDS memory is partitioned in 32 banks. The bank number is in bits 2-6 of the address. A bank conflict occurs when two addresses hit the same bank, but the addresses are different starting from the 7bit (the first 2 bits of the address doesn't matter). Any bank conflict adds penalty to timing and throughput. In the worst case, the throughput can be not greater 1/32 requests per cycle.

MUBUF Instruction timings

Timings of MUBUF instructions includes only execution without waiting for completing main memory access on a single wavefront. Additional GLCX adds X cycles to instruction if the instruction uses the GLC modifier. Timings of MUBUF instructions are in this table:

Instruction Cycles
BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_ADD_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_AND_X2 16
BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP 32
BUFFER_ATOMIC_CMPSWAP_X2 32
BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_DEC_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_FCMPSWAP 32
BUFFER_ATOMIC_FCMPSWAP_X2 32
BUFFER_ATOMIC_FMAX 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_FMAX_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_FMIN 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_FMIN_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_INC_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_OR_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_RSUB 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_RSUB_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMAX_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SMIN_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SUB_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_SWAP_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMAX_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_UMIN_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR 16+GLC1
BUFFER_ATOMIC_XOR_X2 16+GLC2
BUFFER_LOAD_DWORD 8
BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX2 18
BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX3 16
BUFFER_LOAD_DWORDX4 16
BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_X 8
BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XY 18?
BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZ 16
BUFFER_LOAD_FORMAT_XYZW 16
BUFFER_LOAD_SBYTE 8
BUFFER_LOAD_SSHORT 8
BUFFER_LOAD_UBYTE 8
BUFFER_LOAD_USHORT 8
BUFFER_STORE_BYTE 16
BUFFER_STORE_DWORD 16
BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX2 16
BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX3 16
BUFFER_STORE_DWORDX4 16
BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_X 16
BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XY 16
BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZ 16
BUFFER_STORE_FORMAT_XYZW 16
BUFFER_STORE_SHORT 16
BUFFER_WBINVL1 ?
BUFFER_WBINVL1_SC ?